![]() For most of the exercises, you can simply "mimic" the dictionary. The most important pages in Chapter 7 cover what we call The Dictionary. We will also have translation exercises in chapters 8, 9, 10, and 11. The Chapter 7 exercises (I, II, III) are only the first ones. Also, keep in mind that most people are not proficient in a language right away. In ours, we have only FIVE key vocabulary terms for the whole semester - those listed above and in Chapter 7 in the section Logical Connectives. In the above languages, students must learn hundreds of words each semester. The good news for us is that the language we will be learning is very simple. In the UH system, you need two years of a foreign language to receive a bachelor's degree, and language courses, such as Hawaiian, Spanish, and Japanese, require lots of time every day. Also, learning languages is difficult for most people. If you don't understand what you read, then you will have a difficult time representing what you read in a new language. Usually this is due to less than perfect English language skills. Chapter 7 focuses on simply translating regular English statements into a new symbolic language.įor many students translating is one of the hardest parts of learning how to do symbolic logic. We will focus on what these words mean, how we use them, and how we will represent symbolically what they mean and how we use them in Chapter 8. ' As Chapter 7 shows, we will be concentrating on these words plus the 'if, then' and 'if and only if ' phrases. Before a child can communicate, he or she must know how to use the words 'and ,' 'or ,' and 'not. The textbook compares the translation process to a child learning a language. See the last part of the discussion in the section "Complex Translations" and the answer to #25, Ex. G ⊃ Cĭemocracy will be possible in Iraq if and only if the ethnicities cooperate. If George attends the meeting tomorrow, then Chelsea will attend. George or Chelsea will be at the meeting tomorrow. Now we will be introducing new symbols so that we can simplify statements and arguments. We saw that we could represent the patterns of common fallacies and simplify them in symbols. ![]() We have already being doing symbolic logic to some extent. Chapter 12 will introduce some controversy and new thinking on this process. What we will be learning in chapters 7-11 is basically the software foundation - the most basic logical operations - of our thinking that we put into computers. Today we create programming languages to accomplish this process. Before computers can work, we have to put our thoughts (software) into them. This was an important step in the eventual development of our modern technological society and our use of digital computers. Centuries ago philosophers discovered that we could put our thoughts into symbols and more easily follow and judge the reasoning trails we create. It is important that you understand that for the rest of the semester we will be doing the same thing we did in the previous chapters - analyzing reasoning. ![]() At this stage of the semester, the videos usually become very useful for most students, as a lot of what we will be doing now involves visual learning and recognizing patterns. This chapter is our first on symbolic logic. Chapter 7: Translating from English to Symbolic Logic
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